Water Filtration Plant

A water filtration plant is a facility designed to purify raw water from natural sources such as rivers, lakes, or reservoirs. Through a series of physical, chemical, and sometimes biological processes, it removes impurities and contaminants, ensuring the water meets safety and quality standards for drinking, domestic, industrial, and municipal use.

• To remove contaminants like suspended solids, organic matter, bacteria, and viruses from raw water.

• To ensure compliance with regulatory and health standards (such as BIS, WHO, or EPA).

• To provide a consistent, reliable supply of clean and safe water for communities, industries, and municipalities.

1. Pre-treatment

• Involves chemical dosing for pH correction, coagulation, and flocculation.

• Helps agglomerate fine particles for easier removal.

• May include pre-filtration to eliminate larger debris or turbidity.

2. Filtration

• Utilizes multimedia filters (sand, gravel, anthracite) or membrane filters (microfiltration, ultrafiltration).

• Removes fine suspended solids, color, and some microorganisms.

3. Disinfection

• Destroys or inactivates pathogens (bacteria, viruses, protozoa).

• Common methods include chlorination, ozonation, and UV irradiation.

4. Advanced Treatment (Optional)

• Used in specialized or high-purity applications (e.g., for industries or hospitals).

• May include reverse osmosis, ion exchange, or activated carbon filtration to remove dissolved solids, trace organics, or heavy metals.

Intake Structures

• Draw water from natural sources like rivers, lakes, or reservoirs.

Pumps

• Transport water through each stage of the treatment process.

Chemical Feed Systems

• Inject coagulants, disinfectants, pH adjusters, and other necessary chemicals.

Settling Basins / Clarifiers

• Provide time for heavy particles to settle before filtration.

Filtration Units

• Include sand filters, pressure filters, or membrane units depending on the plant design.

Disinfection Units

• Chlorine contact tanks, UV lamps, or ozone generators for final microbial control.

Automation and Control Systems

• Utilize PLC and SCADA for real-time monitoring and efficient plant operation.

Storage Tanks

• Store treated water before it enters the distribution system.

Water Testing Laboratory

• Performs regular sampling and analysis to ensure quality throughout the process.